Climate change could affect timekeeping, study says {mp3 name="听力" url="http://v-hls.chinadaily.com.cn/stream/607212/903f9e1b-f05d-485d-b69c-e37ae16606b4/571fde86-381d-4d12-8cf6-bc045c95a981.mp3" cover="https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202404/08/66139dd2a31082fc2b6bcb5b.jpeg" theme="#f0ad4e" autoplay="autoplay"/}Climate change is affecting the speed of the Earth's rotation and could impact how we keep time, a study says.一项研究称，气候变化正在影响地球的自转速度，并可能影响人类的计时方式。"Global warming is already affecting global timekeeping," says the study, published in the journal Nature.这项发表在《自然》（Nature）杂志上的研究指出："全球变暖已经在影响全球计时。"Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) - which is used by most of the world to regulate clocks and time - is calculated by the Earth's rotation."协调世界时"（UTC）是根据地球自转计算出来的，世界上大多数国家都用它来管理时钟和时间。But the Earth's rotation rate is not constant and can therefore have an effect on how long our days and nights are.但地球的自转速度并不是恒定的，因此会对我们的昼夜长短产生影响。Changes to the planet's liquid core have meant the Earth has been spinning slightly quicker.地球液态内核的变化意味着地球自转速度略快。Since the 1970s, to correct for this, about 27 leap seconds have been added to the global clock, with timekeepers planning on subtracting a second for the first time in 2026. This is known as a "negative leap second."自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，为了纠正这一现象，全球时钟已经增加了约 27 个闰秒，计时员计划将在 2026 年首次减少一秒。这被称为 "负闰秒"。However, the study finds that ice melting caused by climate change has partly offset that acceleration.然而，研究发现，气候变化导致的冰雪融化部分抵消了这一加速。Ice sheets are now losing mass five times faster than they were 30 years ago, meaning that the negative leap second change will not be needed until 2029, the study suggests.研究表明，冰盖现在的质量损失速度是30年前的5倍，这意味着可能直到2029年才需要负闰秒的变化。"It's kind of impressive, even to me, we've done something that measurably changes how fast the Earth rotates," Duncan Agnew, the author of the study, told NBC News.这项研究的作者邓肯•阿格纽告诉美国全国广播公司新闻（NBC News）："即使对我来说，我们已经做了一些可以适度地改变地球旋转速度的事情，这也是令人印象深刻的。""Things are happening that are unprecedented.""正在发生的事情是前所未有的。"The negative leap second has never been used before and, according to the study, its use "will pose an unprecedented problem" for computer systems across the world.负闰秒以前从未使用过，根据这项研究，负闰秒的使用将给全球计算机系统 "带来前所未有的问题"。"This has never happened before, and poses a major challenge to making sure that all parts of the global timing infrastructure show the same time," Mr Agnew, who is a researcher at the University of California, San Diego told AFP news agency.加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校的研究员阿格纽先生告诉法新社记者："这种情况以前从未发生过，这对确保全球计时基础设施的所有部分都显示相同的时间构成了重大挑战。""Many computer programs for leap seconds assume they are all positive, so these would have to be rewritten," he added.他补充说："许多计算闰秒的计算机程序都假定它们都是正数，因此这些程序必须重写。"There has been some skepticism of the study, however.然而，也有一些人对这项研究持怀疑态度。Demetrios Matsakis, former chief scientist for time services at the US Naval Observatory, told AFP that "Earth is too unpredictable to be sure" if a negative leap second would be needed any time soon.美国海军天文台负责时间服务的前首席科学家德米特里奥斯•马萨基斯告诉法新社说，"地球太不可预测了，无法确定是否在不久的将来就需要负闰秒。"Human activities like burning fossil fuels are causing world temperatures to rise.燃烧化石燃料等人类活动正在导致全球气温上升。That temperature rise is having a huge effect on the environment, including the rapid melting of glaciers and ice sheets.气温上升对环境产生了巨大影响，包括冰川和冰盖的迅速融化。

mysql配置外网权限 好久不用都忘记了，这次再整理一下，方便以后查找。查看所有用户：SELECT user, host FROM mysql.user;查看特定用户的权限：SHOW GRANTS FOR 'username'@'hostname';查看用户的连接信息和权限：SELECT user, host, authentication_string FROM mysql.user;查看当前登录的用户：SELECT USER();查询所有用户的权限信息，使用以下命令：SHOW GRANTS;使用以下步骤来创建用户并授权外网访问：使用root用户登录到MySQL服务器上。如果尚未设置root密码，请使用以下命令更改或设置root密码：ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';创建新用户并授予外网访问权限。假设要创建一个名为new_user，允许从任何主机（'%'）访问数据库，并设置密码为user_password，可以使用以下命令：CREATE USER 'new_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'user_password';授予新用户对数据库的访问权限。例如，如果希望new_user用户有SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE和DELETE权限：GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON database_name.* TO 'new_user'@'%';替换database_name为实际数据库的名称。刷新权限使更改生效：FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

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Ivory Coast celebrates oil find as west turns away from fossil fuels 　　Ivorians celebrated when Italian energy group Eni revealed that it had discovered up to 2bn barrels of oil in waters off the west African country’s coast — the first big find in two decades.“It’s a great discovery,” said Abdourahmane Cissé, secretary-general of the Ivorian presidency, of last month’s find. “The preliminary results show that, in terms of oil reserves, it is approximately 10 times what we have at the moment,” he said, referring to initial estimates of between 1.5bn and 2bn barrels of oil as well as between 1.8tn and 2.4tn cubic feet of associated gas.Oil could start flowing within four years, boosting exports from a country that is already the world’s biggest grower of cocoa. “This will be good for the country,” said Cissé.But not everyone shares his confidence. Ivory Coast has struck oil just as much of the developed world has begun to call time on fossil fuels and some financial institutions are reluctant to take carbon-emitting projects on to their balance sheets.“People say: ‘We’ve found oil, we’ve found gas, we’re all going to get rich’,” said Kingsmill Bond, an energy strategist at think-tank Carbon Tracker. “But getting involved in extraction of fossil fuels is much riskier than it used to be and much riskier than it is perceived to be.”While Ivory Coast is already pumping small quantities of oil, Bond said the risk was that it would bring more “on stream at a time when the market is already in decline”. As advanced economies made the switch to electric vehicles and moved rapidly to renewable energy, demand for oil would fall and only the lowest-cost producers would survive, he added.Production costs of offshore African oil, especially in deep water, were relatively high, Bond said. Ivory Coast’s discovery is at about 1,200 metres. Despite the surge in oil and gas prices this autumn, many analysts argue that declining demand will eventually force prices down, making higher-cost oil uncompetitive.‘We’re not the polluters, the others are’The Ivorian find also taps into a broader debate about what it is reasonable to expect of developing countries that are reliant on fossil fuels.As the COP26 UN climate change summit in Glasgow approaches and many rich countries accelerate their shift towards clean energy, some governments in Africa — particularly hydrocarbon producers such as Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea — are calling for a “just energy transition” that allows for a slower switch to other fuels.Governments in Africa, which are responsible for at most 3 per cent of global emissions, object to being pressured by banks and donors to abandon the fossil fuels on which they say their industrialisation and development depends. Many, including Ghana, Senegal and Mauritania, are only now gearing up their hydrocarbon production.“We’re going to do what is in the interests of our country,” said Alassane Ouattara, president of Ivory Coast, in an interview, adding that Abidjan intended to exploit its hydrocarbons for the benefit of its people.Countries such as the US, where carbon emissions were nearly 40 times higher per capita than in Ivory Coast, were in no position to lecture, he said. “We are not the polluters. The others are,” he added.Powering the nation: ‘We will need gas’Alessandro Puliti, Eni’s chief operating officer for natural resources, said the Ivorian discovery met the Italian company’s criteria for investment. This was partly because the associated gas could be fed into existing infrastructure that already supplied Ivory Coast with 60 per cent of its electricity, he said.In Ivory Coast, a relatively high three-quarters of people have electricity and it has one of west Africa’s most reliable power grids. It exports electricity to Ghana, Mali, Benin, Togo and Burkina Faso.Energy minister Thomas Camara said that by 2030 the Ivorian government intended to increase the mix of renewable energy — currently entirely hydro — from 40 per cent to 42 per cent of a much larger energy pie.There were plans to add solar, including from a floating solar farm on a lake, as well as biomass energy made from waste in the palm oil and cocoa industries, he said. “But we envisage our energy needs will go up significantly by 2030 and for that we will need gas.”Africa without oil?There was a danger the world was transitioning towards green energy without taking into account the huge development needs in Africa and other poorer regions, said Kenny Fihla, chief executive of wholesale clients at Standard Bank, Africa’s biggest lender.Older petrol and diesel vehicles would be on the road much longer in Africa, where most countries relied on second-hand imports for the bulk of their fleet, he added.　　“It is nearly impossible to talk about Africa without oil at this stage,” he said. “Even in 2050, there will still be some oil utilisation, as other types of fuel will not have developed adequately to be able to replace it.”Bond from Carbon Tracker urged African governments to look with more urgency at developing solar and wind power which, he said, would prove to be both more abundant and cheaper than fossil fuels.“The way I see it, it is really daft to advise people to invest in the dying technology of fossil fuels when we ourselves are moving to far superior renewable technologies,” he said. “Africa missed out on the fossil fuel-driven energy system and all the wealth that flowed from that. But they don’t need to miss out on this one.”Still, in the interim, Ivory Coast was not about to let its big oil find go to waste, said Cissé. Asked if he thought developers would have any difficulty with securing bank lending to develop the oilfield, he said: “Now they’ve found it, trust me, there won’t be any issues of financing.”

Text 1 　In the silent ticket office, beneath the half-moon windows of the booths, a large green sign announces “OKEHAMPTON” to an empty room. On the platform, a faded poster reads "DEVON-Travel by rail". Those reading it have had little chance to do so. The last passenger train left Okehampton on June 3rd 1972. The town turned out to mourn: the mayor stood by, holding a wreath. On the line, between the sleepers, the grass started to grow. 　But Okehampton is changing. New steel tracks gleam beneath the platform; diggers toil in the car park. The station is being reopened as part of the government's "Restoring Your Railway" fund, launched in January last year to keep a manifesto promise. Okchampton is the first to reopen.Eleven miles of track have been laid in four weeks. 　In 1963 a report by Richard Beeching. chairman of the British Railways Board, earmarked 5,000 miles of track and 2,363 stations for closure. To this day, it is seen less as a piece of bureaucracy than as an act of “infamy"; it cuts "a wound that hasn't healed", according to Stewart Francis, a former chairman of the Rail Passengers’ Council. On the Beeching "wound”, Okehampton's 11 miles of shiny new track are a mere sticking plaster. 　But to see this in terms of pure numbers is to miss the point. More than sleepers and steel were lost. "Railways have a strange position in the British mind,” says John Preston. a professor of rail transport at the University of Southampton. “A lot of rural lines disappeared that were representative of a way of life...for which there was a lot of nostalgia," he notes. The new line is less about travelling through Devon than about travelling through time. 　While lots of infrastructure is prosaic, in Britain trains become poctry, their lines not just crossing the land, but running on into the litcrature of Robent Louis Stevenso, John Betjeman and W.H.Auden. Restoring railways nods to this fictional Britain, a place of branch lines and straight backs, railway porters and station masters. 　But poetry, while nice, has never been particularly profitable. There could hardly be a worse time for them to open: in the first COViD-19 lockdown passenger numbers fell by around 90% and "the post-COVID demand path is not yet clear", says Mr. Preston. Stil, in Okchampton the locals seem pleased. Becky Tipper, the Network Rail manager in charge of the rcopening, was surprised when, as her workers started laying the track, “a crowd of people" turned out once again. This time, no wreaths. Instead, says Ms. Tipper, they started clapping.